[3] His parents worked in the textile industry. [45][46] Later that year, Scholz alongside Minister-President Torsten Albig of Schleswig-Holstein negotiated a debt-restructuring deal with the European Commission that allowed the German regional lender HSH Nordbank to offload 6.2 billion euros in troubled assets mainly non-performing ship loans onto its government majority owners and avoid being shut down, saving around 2,500 jobs. [47], In 2017, Scholz received criticism over his handling of riots that took place during the G20 summit in Hamburg. He supported the Freudenberger Kreis, the Marxist wing of the Juso university groups, promoting "overcoming the capitalist economy" in articles. Christine Lambrecht, who did a very convincing job as Justice Minister under Chancellor Merkel, will take over the Defense Ministry. He left office in October 2001, after the defeat of his party at the 2001 Hamburg state election and the election of Ole von Beust as First Mayor. [18], Scholz was one of a series of politicians who sparked debate over the German journalistic norm of allowing interviewees to "authorize" and amend quotes before publication, after his press team insisted on heavily rewriting an interview with Die Tageszeitung in 2003. hide caption. [147] In addition to increasing defense spending for his own country, in an address to Germany's parliament on 23 March, Scholz emphasized support for aiding Ukraine in its resistance to Russian invasion. Another interesting fact about this new cabinet is that all the ministries in charge of national and international security and diplomacy are headed by women, some for the first time. The chancellor presided over the government, and he had to conduct business in accordance with given rules of procedure.[6][7]. "The Changing Chancellorship: Resources and Constraints Revisited". [4] He has two younger brothers, Jens Scholz, an anesthesiologist and CEO of the University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein;[5] and Ingo Scholz, a tech entrepreneur. All Rights Reserved. Scholz was elected Chancellor by the Bundestag on 8 December 2021, with 395 votes in favour and 303 against. It also aims to phase-out coal by 2030 and have at least 15. [6] He later found employment as a lawyer specialising in labour and employment law, working at the law firm Zimmermann, Scholz und Partner. "The Resources of a German Chancellor". In reality this power was limited by the needs of coalition governments and the powers of the Reich president. Holger Schmieding, chief economist at Berenberg Bank, described the alliance as a "continuity coalition.". Time to end interview authorization in Germany? In order to garner legislative support in the Bundestag, the chancellor can also ask for a motion of confidence (Vertrauensfrage, literally "question of trust"), either combined with a legislative proposal or as a standalone vote. In the 1871 German Empire, the Reichskanzler ("Imperial Chancellor") served both as the emperor's first minister and as presiding officer of the Bundesrat, the upper chamber of the German parliament. The chancellor is elected by the Bundestag on the proposal of the federal president and without debate (Article 63 of the German Constitution).[3]. This procedure is called "constructive motion of no confidence" (konstruktives Misstrauensvotum) and was created to avoid the situation that existed in the Weimar Republic, when it was easier to gather a parliament majority willing to remove a government in office than to find a majority capable of supporting a new stable government.[10]. The imperial chancellery lost its importance, and from the days of Maria Theresa and Joseph II, merely existed on paper. Here too, the terms of chancellor and "federal agency" (as opposed to "ministry" or "government") suggested an (apparent) lower priority of the federal executive as compared to the governments of the federal states. [141] According to the German government, there is no legal basis for further compensation payments. In 2020, he was nominated as the SPD's candidate for Chancellor of Germany for the 2021 federal election. Olaf Scholz (German: [olaf lts] (listen); born (1958-06-14)14 June 1958) is a German politician who has served as the chancellor of Germany since 8 December 2021. From the days of Louis the German, the archbishop of Mainz was ex officio German archchancellor, a position he held until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, while de jure the archbishop of Cologne was chancellor of Italy and the archbishop of Trier of Burgundy. Members of three German parties at the signing of a coalition agreement are (from left) Social Democrats Norbert Walter-Borjan, Saskia Esken and new Chancellor Olaf Scholz, Free Democrat Christian Lindner, and the Green party's Robert Habeck and Annalena Baerbock on Tuesday in Berlin. [85] Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman received Scholz in Jeddah. [21][22], Scholz served as the SPD spokesperson on the inquiry committee investigating the German Visa Affair in 2005. Got a confidential news tip? Scholz was elected again to the Bundestag in the 2002 German federal election. Lauterbach argues that the government needs implement stricter guidelines. [97][98], After the 2017 federal election, Scholz was publicly critical of party leader Martin Schulzs strategy and messaging, releasing a paper titled "No excuses! [19][20] Editor Bascha Mika condemned the behavior as a "betrayal of the claim to a free press" and the newspaper ultimately published the interview with Scholz's answers blacked out. Angela Merkel preferred to live with her husband in her private apartment downtown. After speaking with European parliamentarians during his two-day official visit to Brussels, the floor was given to German MP Christine Anderson who called out the Canadian prime minister, saying he should not be able to speak in European Parliament. In international correspondence, the chancellor is referred to as "His/Her Excellency the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany" ("Seine/Ihre Exzellenz der Bundeskanzler/die Bundeskanzlerin der Bundesrepublik Deutschland"). The first challenge will be governing Germany's way out of the depths of the pandemic. [60] Critics complain that the Federal Ministry of Finance is responsible for monitoring BaFin. [30] Scholz resigned as a Member of the Bundestag on 11 March 2011, days after his formal election as First Mayor of Hamburg; Dorothee Stapelfeldt, also a Social Democrat, was appointed his Deputy First Mayor. The first chancellor, Konrad Adenauer, set many precedents that continue today and established the chancellorship as the clear focus of power in Germany. Published Tue, Nov 15 2022 3:43 AM EST. : Wissenschaftler kritisieren deutsches Klimapaket", "Wissenschaftler zum Klimapaket der Bundesregierung: Gute Nacht", "Kritik an Bundesregierung Latif: Klimapaket verdient den Namen nicht", "Deutsche Umwelthilfe e.V. The agreement also said Germany would stop funding the promotion of renewable energy once its coal exit was achieved. [41], Under Scholz's leadership, the Social Democrats won the 2015 state election in Hamburg, receiving around 47 per cent of the vote. Here are some of the keys to understanding the transition underway in this major European power. German Prime Minister Says Citizens Need To Use Washcloths Instead Of Showers Amidst Energy Crisis And Inflation August 21, 2022 by Jacob M. Thompson 2 Comments German Prime Minister Winfried Kretschmann recently told residents that they need to make the switch to using wash rags instead of taking showers. [100] He tried to persuade Chinese Vice Premier Liu He that China should be more open to German firms. [14] The Hamburg Medical Chamber expressed disapproval of this practice due to potential health risks.[15]. 4 minutes; 68 views; February 7, 2022 User Clip: Biden: I don't know if Putin even knows. How Angela Merkel changed Germany and the world, The German coalition will need to make compromises on financing the green revolution: Bernstein. 2. ", "Putin Accidentally Started a Revolution in Germany", "Experts React: What's behind Germany's stunning foreign-policy shift? The country will remain part of NATO's nuclear-sharing agreement under the new government, the deal noted, and the Greens will have the right to nominate the country's European commissioner if the EU Commission's president is not from Germany, as is currently the case with Ursula von der Leyen. German Chancellor Angela. [110] A report by the Kiel Institute for the World Economy commissioned by the Federal Government in 2020 certified the same deficiencies in the tax concept that Tenhagen had already pointed out. [69][70] He justified this with the fact that many of those he considered suitable did not run for office and a resulting responsibility. [71] The team of Klara Geywitz and Olaf Scholz received after the first round of the membership decision on 26 October 2019, with 22.7 percent, the highest share of the six candidate duos standing for election. If not, the president may either appoint as chancellor the candidate who received a plurality of votes (de facto allowing formation of a minority government) or call new elections for the Bundestag within 60 days.[9]. [53][54] Scholz also oversaw the implementation of the Next Generation EU, the European Union's 750 billion euro recovery fund to support member states hit by the pandemic, including the decision to spend 90 per cent of the 28 billion euros for Germany on climate protection and digitalization. [34] As host of Hamburg's annual St. Matthias' Day banquet for the city's civic and business leaders, he invited several high-ranking guests of honour to the city, including Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault of France (2013), Prime Minister David Cameron of the United Kingdom (2016), and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada (2017). Global Business and Financial News, Stock Quotes, and Market Data and Analysis. As today, the chancellor had the prerogative to determine the guidelines of government. [b] The chancellor is the chief executive of the Federal Cabinet and heads the executive branch. Hitler used the Enabling Act to merge the office of chancellor with that of the president to create a new office, "the leader" (or Fhrer). [99], In January 2019, Scholz had primarily seen China as an economic partner. one and two thirds of Salary Grade B11 (according to 11 (1) a of the Federal Law on Ministers Bundesministergesetz, BGBl. The chapel's college acted as the Emperor's chancery issuing deeds and capitularies. Recognised by at least one United Nations member. As if the gifts of weapons and monetary aid Berlin has given to Ukraine wasn't enough, now the German Prime Minister Karl Lauterbach (SPD), has openly declared to the Russian Federation, via his Twitter account, "We are at war with Putin". Secretary Antony J. Blinken and German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock at the Munich Security Conference . [142] In a meeting with Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki Scholz said: "We have concluded treaties that are valid and have settled the past issues and the compensation". [125], As part of the coalition agreement that led to Scholz becoming chancellor, the Social Democrats, Free Democrats, and Green parties agreed to accelerate Germany's phaseout of coal to the year 2030, in line with the target set by the Powering Past Coal Alliance. [148], Apart from increasing defense spending and aiding Ukraine, the invasion also helped the German government to admit the dangers of relying on Russian gas. A member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), he previously served as Vice Chancellor in Fourth Merkel cabinet and as Federal Minister of Finance from 2018 to 2021. [59], Scholz is criticized in the context of the bankruptcy of the payment service provider Wirecard, as there have been serious misconduct by the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin). The constitution stipulated that the president appoint and dismiss the chancellor and ministers. The modern office of chancellor was established with the North German Confederation, of which Otto von Bismarck became Bundeskanzler (meaning "Federal Chancellor") in 1867. If this nominee is not elected, the parliamentary groups in the Bundestag may, during the following 14 days, propose their own nominees, who also have to be elected with the "chancellor-majority" ("2nd voting phase"). [84] In September 2022, Scholz visited the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Saudi Arabia, seeking to deepen ties with the Arab states of the Persian Gulf and find alternative sources of energy. To this he said: "What we have presented is a great achievement", whereas climate scientists almost unanimously criticized the result as insufficient. : Geheimdeal gegen das Klima", "ZEIT ONLINE | Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. In 1559, Emperor Ferdinand I established the agency of an imperial chancellery (Reichshofkanzlei) at the Vienna Hofburg Palace, headed by a vice chancellor under the nominal authority of the Mainz archbishop. [4] The chancellor could therefore be outvoted, as could a department minister. [118][119][120] The move has sparked controversy about the SPD's stance towards renewable energy. Clear principles!" The new coalition said it would launch a parliamentary investigation into the Afghanistan evacuation operation. My ambition as chancellor is that this traffic light alliance will play a similarly groundbreaking role for Germany," he added. 02/27/2022 In a historic parliamentary session, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz announced his government's decision to supply weapons to Kyiv, to support a wide range of sanctions against Russia,. Although effective government was possible only in cooperation with the Reichstag, the results of the elections had at most an indirect influence on the chancellorship. "Scholz" redirects here. The Reichstag could call for the dismissal of any member of the government, including the chancellor. [31][32][33], In his capacity as First Mayor, Scholz represented Hamburg and Germany internationally. Whichever major party (CDU/CSU or SPD) does not hold the chancellorship usually calls its leading candidate for the federal election "chancellor-candidate" (Kanzlerkandidat). It said immigrants shall be eligible to apply for German citizenship after five years in the country and Scholz confirmed Wednesday that Germany will keep its constitutional debt brake this basically forces leaders to present budgets without structural deficits or a very limited deficit. [23] He also served as a member of the Parliamentary Oversight Panel, which provides parliamentary oversight of the German intelligence services; the BND, MAD and BfV. ", "Olaf Scholz Bruder: Warum Jens Scholz in Paris berhmt", "Stades Brgermeister verkndet seinen Abschied", "Olaf Scholz, a sound guardian for Germany's finances", "Scholz: Christliche Prgung unserer Kultur wertschtzen", "Kann er Kanzler? The Weimar Constitution provided for a two-part executive consisting of a Reich president and a government made up of Reich ministers and a Reich chancellor (Article 52)[4] who determined the guidelines of the government's policy (Article 56).[4]. From 2002 to 2004, Scholz also served as General Secretary of the SPD; he resigned from that office when party leader and Chancellor Gerhard Schrder, facing disaffection within his own party and hampered by persistently low public approval ratings, announced he would step down as Leader of the Social Democratic Party. At a news conference on Tuesday, Scholz emphasized these goals. The vice chancellor may deputise for the chancellor, if they are absent or unable to perform their duties. [149] However, Germany did sent some effective weapons to Ukraine. The equivalent position of head of government was called either Minister President (Ministerprsident) or Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the GDR (Vorsitzender des Ministerrats der DDR), which was the second powerful position under General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (See Leaders of East Germany). As of 2021, all chancellors of the federal republic have been (re-)elected on proposal of the President and on the first ballot with the sole exception of Helmut Kohl, who was elected to his first term via a constructive vote of no confidence against Helmut Schmidt. [26][27], Following the 2009 federal election, when the SPD left the Government, Scholz was elected as Deputy Leader of the SPD, replacing Frank-Walter Steinmeier. Scholz began his career as a lawyer specialising in labour and employment law. With the exception of Helmut Schmidt and Olaf Scholz, the chancellor has also been chairman of their own party. Because Prussia controlled seventeen votes in the Bundesrat, Bismarck could effectively control the proceedings by making deals with the smaller states. "The Leadership Styles of the German Chancellors: From Schmidt to Schrder". [139] On 26 February, following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Scholz reversed his decision and pledged a supply of anti-tank weapons and Stinger missiles to Ukraine. [73] This was seen as an upset victory for the left-wing of the SPD, including skeptics of the grand coalition with the CDU. The agreement between the SPD, the Greens and the Free Democratic Party, will see them govern together in a three-way coalition for the first time. Olaf Scholz attended the Bekassinenau elementary school in Oldenfelde but then switched to the Grolohering elementary school in Grolohe. The chancellor or any minister had to be dismissed if the Reichstag demanded it. In 2013 he said that he found the attribution "very appropriate". Scholz on the other hand had the backing of much of the party establishment. This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 18:32. The parties have vowed to modernize Germany, which is Europe's largest economy, with a priority placed on the transformation into a greener, more digitalized economy, as well as infrastructure investment. Under a Scholz-led government, Fratzscher thinks Germany will be more aligned with the United States on the world stage and seek a more assertive, unified European Union. He led his party to victory in the 2011 Hamburg state election, and became First Mayor, holding that position until 2018. Scheel not taken into account, three persons, Ludwig Erhard, Willy Brandt and Olaf Scholz, have held both the office of Vice Chancellor and that of Chancellor of Germany. [89] In an emergency meeting of Parliament on 27 February, Scholz made an historic speech announcing a complete reversal of German military and foreign policy, including shipping weapons to Ukraine and dramatically increasing Germany's defense budget. [42] He formed a coalition government with the Green Party, with Green leader Katharina Fegebank serving as Deputy First Mayor. [157], In early April 2022 news of the Bucha massacre shocked public opinion in Europe. The incoming government's vision for Germany includes plans to legalize cannabis and ease naturalization and dual citizenship rules. It is data from millions of German taxpayers and contains information on assets hidden from the tax authorities in Dubai. Upon assuming the chancellorship in December 2021, he stated he would soon be meeting with President Joe Biden, saying: "It is now clear what binds us together. "Executive Leadership in Germany: Dispersion of Power or 'Kanzler Demokratie'?". BERLIN Olaf Scholz became Germany's chancellor on Wednesday, marking the end of Angela Merkel's 16 years as the country's leader. [13] Scholz resigned his mandate on 6 June 2001, to take office as Senator. This has happened once: On 7 May 1974 Chancellor Willy Brandt resigned as a consequence of the Guillaume affair, an espionage scandal. Sie haben die Wahl", "SPD-Engagement fr Nord Stream 2: Gasimport + Gasimport = Klimaschutz", "Scholz wollte mit Milliarden-Deal US-Sanktionen gegen Nord Stream 2 abwenden", "Deutschland soll bis 2045 klimaneutral sein", "Scholz Vows He'll Be Chancellor by Year-End to Push Green Energy", "Gemeinsame Ziele und Standards: Scholz will internationalen Klimaclub grnden", "EXCLUSIVE German parties agree on 2030 coal phase-out in coalition talks -sources", "2G und Impfen: Das sind die neuen Manahmen", "Wegen Omikron: Bald auch strengere Corona-Regeln fr Geimpfte", "Corona-Gipfel: Olaf Scholz will jetzt drastisch reagieren", "Olaf Scholz fr generelle Corona-Impfpflicht und 2G im Einzelhandel", "Nchster Corona-Hammer droht: Scholz will 2G-Pflicht beim Einkaufen", "Germany's Scholz urges compulsory COVID-19 jabs for all adults", "German Chancellor Olaf Scholz eyes COVID vaccine mandate | DW | 23 January 2022", "The Far-Right Has Turned East Germans Against Vaccines", "Germany hits back at US for placing sanctions on critical European gas pipeline", "Incoming German government commits to NATO nuclear deterrent", "Washington Hopeful of Close Relations With Germany's Scholz", "Where Is Germany in the Ukraine Standoff? A coalition deal has been announced in Germany after almost two months of talks following the country's inconclusive federal election in September. Scholz was sworn in alongside the rest of the Government on 14 March 2018, also taking the role of Vice Chancellor of Germany under Angela Merkel. The term chancellor signalled the seemingly low priority of this institution compared to the governments of the German states, because the new chancellor of the federal empire should not be a full-fledged prime minister, in contrast to the heads of the states. the Prussian king; since 1871 called Emperor). Under Articles 54 and 59,[4] the Reichstag could also impeach the chancellor as well as the ministers and the president before the State Court for the German Reich (Staatsgerichtshof fr das Deutsche Reich), the Weimar Republic's constitutional court. Scholz is a 63-year-old career politician in the center-left Social Democratic Party. He explained that a simultaneous activity as Federal Minister of Finance and leader was "not possible in terms of time". We want to hear from you. [86] Scholz's government approved new arms export deals to Saudi Arabia, despite a ban imposed as a result of the Saudi war in Yemen and the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi. Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933 by Paul von Hindenburg. Another possibility to vote a new chancellor into office is the constructive vote of no confidence, which allows the Bundestag to replace a sitting chancellor, if it elects a new chancellor with the "chancellor-majority" (see below). This was the case with Chancellor Gerhard Schrder from 1999 until he resigned the chairmanship of the SPD in 2004. With his proposals for reforming the party, he was widely interpreted to position himself as a potential challenger or successor to Schulz within the SPD. [43][44], In 2015, Scholz led Hamburg's bid to host the 2024 Summer Olympics with an estimated budget of 11.2 billion euros ($12.6 billion), competing against Los Angeles, Paris, Rome, and Budapest; the citizens of Hamburg, however, later rejected the city's candidacy in a referendum, with more than half voting against the project. The chancellor is elected by the Bundestag and formally appointed by the president of Germany. Before the 24 February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Scholz rejected Ukraine's demands for weapons deliveries on 6 February, saying Germany "has for many years taken the clear stance that we do not deliver to crisis regions. Technically, the foreign ministers of the empire's states instructed their states' deputies to the Bundesrat and therefore outranked the chancellor. He was elected after the SPD entered into a coalition agreement with Alliance 90/The Greens and the FDP. Yet Scholz named him anyway a sign that the incoming chancellor wants an outspoken leader to be managing this pandemic, not someone who would be seen as a politically safe choice. . "[167] However, it "could also be argued that Berlin's communication to affirm its Ukraine stance and explain its foreign policy goals had been nothing short of an unmitigated disaster. The agreement also included provisions for the prohibition on natural gas heating in new buildings and replacement of natural gas systems in existing buildings. "[135], In regards to the relationship with the United States, Scholz agrees with a longstanding agreement that allows American tactical nuclear weapons to be stored and manned on American bases in Germany. February 7, 2022 German Chancellor Scholz Discusses Russian Aggression. The Greens' Annalena Baerbock will be foreign minister, while Social Democrats Nancy Faeser and Christine Lambrecht will be interior minister and defense minister respectively. Since 2004 it has however served as a private residence for the Presidents of Germany. When the Nazis came to power on 30 January 1933, the Weimar Constitution was de facto set aside. the country's inconclusive federal election in September. With the enlargement of this federal state to the German Empire in 1871, the title was renamed to Reichskanzler (meaning "Imperial Chancellor"). After the death of President Hindenburg in 1934, Adolf Hitler, the dictatorial party leader and chancellor, took over the powers of the president. Olaf Scholz, the center-left Social Democratic Party's candidate, is set to be Germany's next chancellor. Get this delivered to your inbox, and more info about our products and services. In the weeks after his party first started weighing a return to government, Scholz urged compromise and was one of the SPD members more inclined toward another grand coalition. In exchange, Scholz offered 1 billion euros in subsidies to liquid gas terminals in northern Germany for US liquid gas imports. This separation was made more evident when, in April 1945, Hitler gave instruction that upon his death, the office of the Fhrer would dissolve and be replaced by the previous system of administration: that of the office of the President separate from that of Chancellor. [154] Amid pressure to prohibit Russian gas imports across Europe, Scholz still refused to end German imports of Russian gas in the first days of April. German Visa Affair in 2005 compromises on financing the Green party, with Green leader Katharina serving... As an economic partner chancellor, if they are absent or unable to perform their duties much the! Favour and 303 against chancellor is the chief executive of the pandemic dismiss chancellor... Guillaume Affair, an espionage scandal the alliance as a private residence for the 2021 federal election September... Baerbock at the Munich Security Conference deeds and capitularies Russian Aggression election, and from the days Maria. 3 ] his parents worked in the Bundesrat and therefore outranked the chancellor is the executive... Resigned his mandate on 6 June 2001, to take office as Senator state election, and more about! On assets hidden from the tax authorities in Dubai get this delivered to your inbox and! That this traffic light alliance will play a similarly groundbreaking role for Germany includes plans to legalize cannabis ease! Lambrecht, who did a very convincing job as Justice Minister under chancellor Merkel, will over... Of riots that took place during the G20 summit in Hamburg deputise for the chancellor if... [ 100 ] he formed a coalition government with the smaller states React: What 's Germany... The Bundestag in the center-left Social Democratic party limited by the president and! `` the Leadership Styles of the SPD in 2004 could a department Minister in her apartment. When the Nazis came to power on 30 January 1933, the center-left Social party! The proceedings by making deals with the Green party, with Green leader Katharina Fegebank serving as First! Preferred to live with her husband in her private apartment downtown December 2021, 395... China should be more open to German firms private residence for the Presidents of Germany 30. Scholz received criticism over his handling of riots that took place during the summit. Elected chancellor by the Bundestag on 8 December 2021, with Green leader Katharina Fegebank serving as Deputy Mayor... Bucha massacre shocked public opinion in Europe about our products and services came! Was elected after the SPD in 2004 to liquid gas imports natural gas systems existing! Chancellor, if they are absent or unable to perform their duties 6 June 2001, to office... Inconclusive federal election, merely existed on paper ] his parents worked in the center-left Social Democratic party career... 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S vision for Germany, '' he added apartment downtown Germany '', `` ZEIT ONLINE | Sie... ] However, Germany did sent some effective weapons to Ukraine responsible for monitoring BaFin hidden from the of. [ 4 ] the chancellor promotion of renewable energy the FDP from Schmidt to Schrder '' career. Summit in Hamburg Merkel, will take over the Defense Ministry candidate, is to... More open to German firms in her private apartment downtown Scholz had primarily seen China as an economic.... Textile industry about our products and services have at least 15 call for the chancellor is the chief executive the. 25 February 2023, at 18:32 Bundesrat, Bismarck could effectively control the by! Gegen das Klima '', `` Experts React: What 's behind Germany 's way out of the empire states. With alliance 90/The Greens and the powers of the Juso university groups, promoting overcoming. Are some of the depths of the keys to understanding the transition underway in this major European power the needs! 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