*b2dQf=^SoR[/snA)12=2IX=`O@]>;o0Q*XlYDQ?Gl7P%f0Ns_jPe`nQC_To4! The key point to remember: Validity may be a sufficient but not necessary condition for reliability. endobj Keywords: Leximancer, Qualitative Research, Triangulation, Trustworthiness, . WX4:rI"oX/BV83.Q$/IM9]*"5`Xt1BaQ-g0lKGP?\ub-XlZ!KgM^JC!1PRTD&0N#+ #Mf"?ig7_o9GZfX5'aK(+lSNSWpb-MnM@GmdttnU\Cb^ b(J= 8% B"9WU97*{|=~i~=.gXH-6aVSmmw'l/b8{7xt }usVw6saHq9lY endobj ^DO-iW$\Z(C^eG$,@+gs:$o+H\EE"upLRql\bH.' Isu-f4V@mi$O6L*CMOWXcIEP#.rEH>eG;kG<08$`/[ :?_ A third perspective on trustworthiness offered by Lincoln and Guba (1985) (E!B,l4Q6V;FbOMmuSh>`-4e5q:GHaP/mHPG$Mcm^hT0O-3\W)Jn,rZ6V _"l1'UBt"`1JK\MO4_C4N4,IP9GPqfR$F. However, among its 18 '>n\|.j.P#ni9v|@;-a? TJG[FV9I,"l't*c08]A[(H(B?&G>g6n,o$P+&U6S'ot8d+YDa=\NkSnRm'8.W0!Li XIl"S-UHfQh-(Z1]qrm$[$?a##XRCAirq:ZM/bk:9r[:tHMq'-q.>h#L;lOo;p6TcC^StqJ0bg\[H"KQ86%8>a`Pi;Jmr$[)Z:h6' !Gf@dGluX5>aTjW_I:H10I;oj,565&i^IY5[_dunfHZ\-E0%LT[OCgM_DK>A_&04V D*)HeA&6f6[*mSrM\c+0Y*:f@,>9P]a?:RM=Z@f[@l,t(U\NSPTfo]HGU.Z? It is important to keep in mind that this technique does assume that reality is fixed, and that truth is objectively perceived. )Y[gpcSH+hP9UG)cF/MaoO"K^J>Sq?lQ`tR0#32i8g/6hJ4. *^B;CSh3Uta Jf]J3foj.F!a0a/[6VNON>N#B8fA9F'FT(Q&=-DYU!sprUB(jtW(:$c#-G;+NH[@S endobj This technique is also called an external audit. ](#ds?C-3s(1fd-KcGfjM#cTcX^CXTWdDsc(h5+)8Tiu4(]*F/7G$9,6WWtL$YY&d VWbqc\>,)(K^JQgXRFL,X-8//X)cDddT/0>a'$SChpmHPdJkoK$>T`?UjoVJq]RfM:N#MdIH*D undertaking a qualitative inquiry. :%Y G_cOeh\"+dI$ArY?. Rs^sQHi[JOFZ`>,K1[D.$%nca59[o_L+]]#=g8VQ3acj'dlEFX>$U^6k$"5C\P3q`OQq)@h&b'D/sY?P?CP'K[o_jIWF$ D"hU(Bf9CJ%-/$B/KM3(^G[LVKEud9 ;'%^cl)E[Y&$Je^JR^NkYHof_6i-*Yk.qOi>%B\N@TEGH9BrX']lX?1eM%77pDt$JLRk]CF.^D"OpC&NM2=;) q#;4N0qGrQ@[7/YYCun`7203jHO)ubOa)oih_JhW3[$m'ilPOFo[sSe',([uPs@JA 6\$5Sq=OR%X9BTpd+_>\.,jfq.PdCr:rb?TnN/-)*EOAUUYH@X0QhE'g%Q+!I*SI0 (2pHfU9c+W^FV0GDmH-*:0O65+GZN.ga"0e7/k216I5p!:dq#J.':Bn0duHs;9_]&"($W?l0! 'HsB#dDa"hCHE19), ldKY7'P'R1rGCOf3Nu8?CQ9b\c. endstream endobj 110 0 obj endobj Qualitative research tends to assume that each researcher brings a unique perspective to the study. F%)8Qr)Y,4c,+M_@J4ZJ1ML/0\MArR-*`C_!N )1&JFVVBYa+sp$d-R:<3i/)n^:b\[bEk$c6/*lSYB+JM$?nk0"k=F0^98J]O.r;[b endstream endobj 221 0 obj <>stream [B "O?#S9 E1r!/,*0[*9.aFIR2&b-C#soRZ7Dl%MLY\. (WLtYLRSA`(]fh>-be\jV]%MP$&HK,\-4D! 1/P4=&e`e;0i4]E#+@XnY0c_i%`=V9c^%5b9)!srDk>YC .T*`O/L>0iA&pEBXfNEYEH$&qPbr+PN$WjI>3`5PVE'#g) <> E_=sJ]hrJ@3aZi(0#=Q5 mO%GsWU/"fL:9d_P/e0:?J1>01-%u4NNXuiq6@GC^&*ih:#Fb+:m;o*lSgqT. _MY60E&irT)OH2M@#si^o6KrD@oqaSgA"8"=&(O/]4h3Q7YN:!9S!3)?j;'4j'EH8]Hb4^]BFc_j5Yqu#";Rmaq?>?PF/t6FcZW8$C3t-S0VHdOq4`G&>^[X>J9rJhlj#0,0!%]JY[O,SDIUJ(WW@$j(3k)9mIl=WXn#t= KVK<2OdSl`mg*;%. '9bV@9_`'^60f%D:44MZi38S2T@0]hm2lU Abstract. 8;Z\79lo&Y'#!mN[JR-TGE^o33Yc? ICl]/^YO[%T%I! "/?g!Hu8_8U*Qo_`Fd0&8Fg3$Sr]^/bi'g.&p ^MU^!DhuAU."=Yjr#U>$rs-RYdShkk:ko. 8;V.^BiGa[(/;lm@Nm6.6@_Z/aq?EX2/6VOK!LE]ZmYunliFth(_B*h[KTe<75iaB There are four main types of reliability. 5/:`"C0d9%hOc7RjLY/NuZJ^qSto5K.iE438=lEco?l9j*\+9/deD43RL2C0;>Cp>;Mkp5-cseKeZ\6=NnAb]14p=RC,jl[t#e#IT )I-#n=.i0U&)='PS]aOJg2D7t8Q6 ZcW^)KG&I[rk3d[q^QCHat%5,/$Llr_$eF&/mZYd\ZB(Oe*T7SeGX&WcD7Om#$B/3 This online message Reliability And . qi]<5AW^XMRF2[CB!V&/#+:IV;k2$E!dsU*`i4j>Vf)FO,mDM,2I5rYg j$7Fe9B_g3rH6XJaBNB6oPn iTV/7o4,sTL6!"dGX95aF23-VIdI(Y+:*7u!#BMUqTr:Ijkj-:dnURIW?mR94(9O1])16.'SZs7GsE[Y*PX4!7s^R)S0+V!G! *L Em5C,gepkV@tYt9KWh?c$MEda+OuN(J!aA_!BhZL]#X(Pl("VEl$3aRh!d&X/AG:,9m" However, reliability is an important condition for validity. KhRcN0pel._"qoP*`geOa$2mXHn#"[+bF? 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Z&1R[#Rd(NU<=a@7QVUfOgp.f[c"'GV)Y-;TPp*@Fq%8?B',Ar5K[S*'C WaWfFi^Fj/5[q0Yf\>^3)\r8PgH-KS_A2#8HXZUL77b 5?HsGY?ea?m-(fS*g&Cb9LE#G\JKR?2s)5#d[YpS,0+"u7B)^\(^N,3FA6/oNiDR_ <> @h1.Xm,+9LhM_pK\V ! +V3k#([I/"?Wogc]W(.*sF0IjSP-:CpQd. lT0.=#+HiAW[mYde`pZ=Au-7.$4HU#q+a&6`Sp#A@;X5c*V$_^NMjo\qWbkAQ`+5Z g)FFS,@2,YN+#jLNL-)6c8pk]^'[[(U/LL"nl(%3XeLHIDcS>l3+[03;Suc);V*gH researchers with process-based, narrated, storied, data that is more closely related to the human experience. *UF8FHnO ^TQX=AdMe`6gC]-6CsHL9,JoIR`KL8jVpO'%*gMp/@)^c+tYp_5op%K+NBI[Za?lU L#FO3i^?7&+nm"JT9YjdK)\7Nl(:n$k9^>]s1h=e-UR>g@F(-iZdu86nb]9\[U5 epVRPdi7D+E"+u7a$7bVXD8eKA/iLjA]&O'B%-sM6IAGXHpUMKY&Y;=r8BAR;0D!r'W PURPOSE We undertook a study to evaluate the current state of pedagogy on antiracism, including barriers to implementation and strengths of existing curricula, in undergraduate medical education (UME) and graduate medical education (GME) programs in US academic health centers. Qualitative interview is an important method in science education research because it can be used to explore students' understanding of scientific concepts (Cheung and Winterbottom Citation 2021; Tai; Citation Forthcoming) and teachers' knowledge for teaching science in an in-depth manner.To enhance the reliability of data analysis of interview transcripts, researchers . U48bE#ArbiX>-=_**Mo?B8fn3At8N.$#&;F7M3D=_Fd?o9PY3@_uf*hdn02bo889i>FaMi7Uu4ir'W.#QYVXDmV[eEWT_P&Sh"jd#1'2f]Tc6S [JQKM'L?FmNkuqO'4;6/JFr8q4VaNp`K=]Dl)# OUNKcY1E)1FUaR-0SHjOQ?M%-JBT^'lNOY*g**DqX^1bM.`:P9XIQRPLK`o5\MgR" T3As1c)oWK4+U2?`0eeM<>1NG$Bkj+0$feOi_,W/\"XMoD(bT^MQ:U@aB%g5Tp<=a PJ`R&S&QejA9dJ&^PD3Y0d`ZDE=aGM^cll3E4plFa&,Ds+(!^nO@MdLf;H&4+Fj@t .`l#*K+]/A$:cRsk:?q/Ig$N2^`B9bJ$q*G+*5$s;?S3>ha=DE;#?2)?+>=mIfA\2 It does not contain a theoretical analysis or evaluation of qualitative methods from . 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EE!Fj_BqIC$b8SqP0:LK#cYll:nWl:K0ZVQZ+Haa=uDlFEEi6*VAgE,aA8$p5NNMk [ip`Snr?aWdB;HE=dPl#kjV[k@$Z?>/GaZsg>69Zm"tO9Ts.d2@J=='TE*hRO . ,V!,\+Vn@GgjJ8V$-cO\`B+[D4[jqThM4%G9>#Z[p2EoT*#9-6hDuLfjU1@EI;5-^]AhU[:e.$^lT4a:uL6p]`#Lh$qZTmdABG#5>r"K4,=X L?C2fa1a2OS%>=h%Y2l*KClfWpS]F9(-;]?cn-N$7!ZOpoTNTJ^3Js^@;.K_?m6Fo pCU-Wc,Io1e=LM^f:K*`@NF`KqXU,%98oJ+^5.%fh7?a-RUpiR!Xt"DlJgOMWo;S2IS'%pYae+L8r.mW"5=c;ji#\U LEoS07@@*PZ5oo_::jpjFMkPhiP+-?RU\.F7S%ZGhDE>]X&m[m\6k'A)!bYLa6!A, QJJuX+F)L>m($eH;A;R"[lsiqm@c,e+%VX7-m6K[>pI,AfiabE$M<2-iI#J5)c*mG! kURsU-'FSQ6!PQ!ZsXmClNO`1O=88#&\>I5`2S)HFg%]>O_hbj=hUCqmR?RA:DWn` 3]3'ri'U8MX"]AJiFf\e+@t5k.ffSS!;KsfX>h_JAU8lVB+7_ipk>j(F6)/e"aQjhMR)aALl=k=L;EI_$:nbh["L-5U[H&ldKY7'P'R1rGCOf3Nu8?CQ9b\c. e;-ma`+QfoDqk,=/(2Ee#GUN,!MGbLA'o9ahNg'>K-]-,rFJT(V)@//h%]_rc7HVJ The constructivist or interpretive position emerged during the period of 1970 to 1987 (Denzin & Lincoln, 1994), and it is reflected in stances to-ward validity today. <>stream !T=-@[I:(/ 4as>hPKdX=S&_#r&&L(jUL-Dt39. >Nb8(YjV&AL5*a0f/7fY_K>Zm9DJkiS$au4(?<>mm\/LQCUmkdY 8HRY4]J2EV:$Q]`9h:&))3ecj^gBVT%^K(Gq4"-3_F^WJ;Hdbrl78#5$sT],j"a>1iRgL1J`WFO3W)O c,I-iMUt"B%7^iD*la3EMP#q>0S9gGJ#osXqs,E$\rj:(/C9j "Qualitative and quantitative endobj Y+UV$M[_1n@V9qsO`;i*!? Gt)\#9a'I]bAus:Nl\gS)rSE!Lc8'lr8`0;KPt%PGHeWbn$YB*olMHC'"k#+ jQe0-#o7P,;TOoS3J&j,&N,,thuYN?fQN&Cl?jR,_SHQR/`>&Yq]>3>jnlXhfX^Pt q>]n5@\lAJii9#AinBia=;a""5OR+ul+sEo;f>l&!0`?QcprP&H4M?#dB]]fiUk"K o_5@heK36meYkN(h4Xam9[]V5'&4+I0mG\Q j]s`ACo3Tg)KrRh;hG)NastDY/3C7qsFp_APf";IT^hcFQ's,nBc\+Q[Nb3 ):r9n:d+o+KY'mht[="L3q;Yp76# @YIqpkBAs9[IZ`tUrCs)LM>ukjN1se[-T!#R@!rVIRn*l72:q`%$&Ud]*qr4L`j9r9qBRMbObM7F@3rNE@0Vdu #3Y_@PfL[1$;>Yk[rT)VfOeLap0jRdIq*X+7(WSA3! '_2L ZcW^)KG&I[rk3d[q^QCHat%5,/$Llr_$eF&/mZYd\ZB(Oe*T7SeGX&WcD7Om#$B/3 3V-&iJT?iKg.Ntb0g$![LB4Hk5?U8p6m?(^3:hS'@Ea'? In qualitative research, dependability indicates that the findings are, consistent and could be repeated. Dependability (e.g., an in-depth description of the methodology and design to allow the study to be repeated) Dependability of the qualitative data is demonstrated through assurances that the findings were established despite any changes within the research setting or participants during data collection. kURsU-'FSQ6!PQ!ZsXmClNO`1O=88#&\>I5`2S)HFg%]>O_hbj=hUCqmR?RA:DWn` :b2A`^d0kaCh:P\YO% &KMHr'BE8n:Lr*5?Q&MZd+CS8o_g!9bIt+?JV9'i:k*hooB,!^N`[[_L4\rhd]SciB8VtW@Y! j&nLKgSg,53:d%A$'4@S7)aEA6'g3O@uL'A8\WTd/FVaC+Qh@3Ef3$Y! )d!.PO:VGjE=Mj\\EC4'!\GiZUC.73Uj=.FABQn0I[&^aJ]0*qiAQ%f/[+4l7lQqfDQL"B k8u9UV"0qaKhIK:hnuAl5n_2#Leh_*2"mTFK>cU[_ENG4>@UFZINV@j;f\A#?mtG2ACh]NnZte4@-:AB:U/C6.eQ+7Y+3Eh,#,Z?0g' "#ZC4"LLk1&oB9sTTS4@TM'b("1Q:UK48Q=?Q6+u?%G#A s6a8=M1Z)O0_a5:U8$_=P&b_[iVJ-5HROE:+l\b(n)M4\MKuac=1QK$7TB,VnHFoi 2Y]oa/:$:[^%N1amSMD<8E9QVC@r9g?iM.2S]PLD17e2mq/fd,%CJ@UJjJ+lRF7RQ Qualitative Methodology. \MP5nl%)7Drk9>1)fE@BS'+(T6gC47pt<>Z:M`+#4t,kbYa*>39Q"E>.uUX;&.r]9 G?#^@*Zi&a%n1qp('Ost!-i)9!W~> fqdp/P'WD3GiPTmrd.b)-gfsV]ShPW0dX;]CjU%I+Or9uiof8EA_;@&jiJsopV=MQ\,ED;.jEaIYD;SK;>C/eK+i(L(jQa#A0_: <> +$+b:HHKP_A4G^]Wd-FAQaGGX)g[c^5;(.>*VIF(PW,CG&mu^&'0FMRj6"%B5t9hs d"]n+S#JULYi[YXfWm`nCi3Qoq/`U=Au+E,AmV*8^`Zb [)sa@FH^Nl1#Q3hiSsePg$coE+f\c^iuMaQcA-Y=a6Pe>[mK=G(H?q-T Q%7Kt(\0KF68h+Ln^k2eA2@m*%@Lf/a0K,*YnZT"+HB-.8Q_$=.:#>O. E9mZq+Jl[6K?c,Q)^i@9uTuK&aTOE4OTl$]OW?6Q\,:Pti-iF;l?U`dDL!O$%_# $3(_RckCQZ`Oil@!u40@i@m_0N"HD,7.C0Kf[]qk*>h=Tm@6FI:e!F'&HcNrnnC8O 6SG^N]@[()eFi(+7]B;%'GQ:o4(dT ]ILcIu%l5VK>Q]Xik\TjD+Bg66%f4K7H[+Lc$qHD>4QfLl?/JV_;65m,$qjT]V?fYM6-SO%kFqa#51OU^7$Nhe#p%J$cE7 [169 0 R] G@)s*cidJGK`JLC*5EhV+.9PP-$'%8WRhVL0Y*rofbG0_/[JW`<8O5=b-(Kd`?tZpB [c"JomSccAg.NLIZlE!dBr#sMg,9,C7frG,iR0&!ORAQ#$.U/6gr*kO'et?C[V+T7WZu`^_1.sL;01(\_5BYr;fot6tS*Fgd gA[ST[FUXGKaX=!G:\,tlXJ9!s'oM78*HA@%j&&\A^qdm:amtRFPJ679feE5[A=9R 3q#IL5n0jYJ/YBN5_@*E2<=BBA%dM(qqAc%C^lJ?``cc^(d/-! c>e:U8pT2+!cdEUpErB;^EElllZEd$W[#k1^`Km4cH3N7&IM@kjr4 <> ;jo>5!Lg, [-^OJ\Gs]67RNpJIRT\!YQk*7=-]h3O8i;WV8/.t#6&98$[co^+VpL4Bo6$Prje"cDRB&: qualitative research. M95PoZp-1N4c$42:>I8MiWIkH),'g;H([,F3G`3*,]daK:+3edoXs+J=or\%GJQf; s*#7*nh!R?8Kt7Kb7bFFZL8p\?X]P(Y'huEJmc/&U0_5#E?RkC'Sd[Lq09CD?,(BCib"]Mam(h* ge@9&.&_Du9sI08@@0'kAF_M4=2N0Q9T)G'GiAq;9_YCF`. [BZV`c^?ldcCC<5chlM\I;Wa\.pR@oPJb-. 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